04-Nov-2013. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. See full list on napoleongames. Footer MenuGames. Footer MenuArt of War Magazine, The (Clash of Arms) Attactix Adventure Games. Biography. Napoleon at Leipzig: Operational Studies Group: 1979: Re-released by Clash of Arms in 1988 and in 2013: Napoleon at War: Four Battles: Simulations Publications, Inc. napoleon retreats. In België geniet Napoleon Games grote populariteit. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. Highway to the Kremlin, July 1812. He conquered everything. Whether you are a fanatical follower of big leagues or prefer to try your luck on lesser-known sports, with us you. For the game group in Orlando, Wars of Napoleon is one of our favorites. Napoleon at Leipzig is a comprehensive game with a proven track record of excellent re-playability, among the most popular Napoleonic. • Napoleon at Bay. The film is a gripping, often delightfully lairy slab of pop history, made with mischief, flash and meticulous craft. Napoleon Total War - Napoleonic Total War III - Mount & Blade: Warband - Napoleonic Wars Mac Multiplayer If you’re a Mac gamer it can sometimes be tricky to co-ordinate Napoleon games for Mac vs Mac online multiplayer (which isn’t compatible with Windows). 15 each. The following companies are the publishers of NAPOLEONGAMES:. Superbet is one of the biggest players in online gambling in Central and Eastern. OSG Blog. NAPOLEON'S END. The Allies executed a forward concentration behind the cover of their screens. The Library of Napoleonic Battles. 06. In our Online Casino, you can play the best casino games from famous game studios like NetEnt, Games Global and Yggdrasil. . Upon Napoleon's return, he allied himself with a radical group of the revolutionaries called the Jacobins. Game Support Files for each game can be found at the bottom of the game page. Sparks Glencoe, MD 21152. Play now. Footer MenuOperational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. Play now. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. Like the other games players command the forces of Napoleon or the Coalition on a hex map covering three battles. Total War: NAPOLEON - Definitive Edition - Complete your Total War collection with this Definitive Edition of Total War: NAPOLEON, which includes all DLC and feature updates since the game’s release:Take on the Peninsular Campaign, based on the intense conflict that raged over the Spanish Peninsula between 1811 and 1814. Napoleon's Maxims; Special Studies; About. To view Napoleon Games’s complete acquisitions history, request access ». Contact. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. Pre-Order Games ; Games in Print ; Expansion Kits ; Game Components . Napoleon is a spectacle-filled action epic that details the checkered rise and fall of the. Publication Date: February 2024. So far, 59 battles in the Library have been published, as well as several Expansion Kits. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. 126 likes. A Historic Battle Retold. After getting dizzy, they attempt to hit a tennis ball. 95. USA. To mail in your order, please visit our Shop Policies page. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. High school educational activities on Napoleon Bonaparte should focus on Napoleon's influence and leadership during the French Revolution. Through the tale of a group of farm animals who overthrow the owner of the farm, Animal Farm explores themes of totalitarianism, the corruption of ideals, and the power of language. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. There are two objects moving at the same time. The Library of Napoleonic Battles. Since the game requires participants to be blindfolded and led around the room, Minefield is great for building trust, listening, and communication. • 1806: Rossbach Avenged. ”. 000 nummererede runder. As a result, Franz II shifted power away from his Holy Roman Empire crown. Card Decks; Game Boxes;. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. With our extensive range of sporting events, from football to tennis, basketball, cycling and motorsport, there is always something you can bet on. Interview with Game Designer. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. Home Home; Shop. The Universal Decks—French and Coalition—are available separately AND are included in all copies of Napoleon's Wheel (210). Condition: SW. TO AVOID DELAYS PLEASE MAKE SURE YOUR ORDER INCLUDES PROPER POSTAGE. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. Games. Footer MenuWaterloo Uncovered is a registered UK charity that combines a world-class archaeology project on the battlefield of Waterloo with a support program for veterans and the military community. JENA-AUERSTADT-13-14 October 1806. The Duchy of Warsaw (Polish: Księstwo Warszawskie; French: Duché de Varsovie; German: Herzogtum Warschau), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars. I ran across the issue of Time magazine (above), featuring a demonstration of 100,000 people, about half of whom had marched from the Lincoln Memorial to the PentaPlay dice games on the go. “To make a chart showing positions of individual ships at any one time was beyond the competence of the 3 rd Bureau. About OSG. The battle was fought near Waterloo village, south of Brussels, during the Hundred Days of Napoleon’s restoration, by Napoleon’s 72,000 troops against the duke of Wellington’s combined Allied army of 68,000 aided by 45,000 Prussians under Gebhard. The name IWG was adopted in the early 1980's in response to the then dominant Wargames Research Group, but things have moved on,and wargaming appears to be in. 50. Game Support Files. S. Best bargain in wargames. Footer MenuSuperbet Group will take leadership of Belgium’s gambling marketplace, having agreed to acquire outright Napoleon Sports and Casino. Articles. Like a thunderstorm from out of the Alpine foothills, Marshal Wurmser's Austrian army jolted the French advanced guard of General Massena from their entrenched heights on Monte Baldo. Napoleon is the Belgian market leader in online entertainment and is the owner and operator of the Grand Casino of Knokke, as well as operating about 25 arcades throughout Belgium. Austria and Russia were defeated at Austerlitz on December 2. The competition. The Napoleon vs Rabbits slot machine by Blue Guru Games retells a version of the hilarious story where you could win up to 3,894x your wager. Fismes - Napoleonic Battle Game - Published by OSG. Pilkington. OSG's Board. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock. Watch on. The fact that. It initially comprised the ethnically Polish lands ceded to. Teammates continue to give one word hints in the same order. 1 2. Total War Napoleon on steam. Napoleon currently employs around 400 people for who, as part of the pan-European Superbet Group, there is a focus on long-term growth and international development possibilities. Footer MenuOperational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. About. Footer MenuOperational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. Footer MenuNapoleon's Maxims; Special Studies; About. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. 2h 39min. Napoleon: Total War builds on the successful Total War series by taking all the features from previous games, such as the full 3D land and naval battles, the detailed campaign map, and an in depth. With our extensive range of sporting events, from football to tennis, basketball, cycling and motorsport, there is always something you can bet on. Footer MenuDesigner of : Series: The Library of Napoleonic Battles (OSG) (Napoleon's Last Battles series) Series: Campaigns of Napoleon System – 1x; Series: Campaigns of Napoleon System: 2x (only 2 games: The Habit of Victory: From Warsaw to Eylau to Friedland, 1806-7, Napoleon at the Crossroads) Series: Campaigns of Napoleon System: 5x (only 1. On June 24, 1812, the Grande Armée, led by French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, crossed the Neman River, invading Russia from present-day Poland. Whether you are a fanatical follower of big leagues or prefer to try your luck on lesser-known sports, with us you. About OSG. The Romanian gambling group reached a takeover agreement with European private equity fund Waterland PE, with parties choosing not to disclose financial terms of the transaction, which is reported to be. OSG's Board. The piece. Check out the Napoleonic Wars Public community on Discord - hang out with 2268 other members and enjoy free voice and text chat. Napoleon Total War covers a compressed time period compared to its predecessor Empire Total War. Pre-Order Games ; Games in Print ; Expansion Kits ; Game Components . Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince of Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein (15 May 1773 – 11 June 1859), known as Klemens von Metternich (German: [ˈkleːmens fɔn ˈmɛtɐniç]) or Prince Metternich, was a conservative Austrian statesman and diplomat who was at the center of the European balance of power known as the Concert of Europe for. Sixth Coalition (1812–1814) Seventh Coalition (1815) The Battle of Waterloo. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. 2 used. About OSG. Napoleon's Resurgence Update General Retreat, Revised CRT. Game added January 14th, 2001. Contact. The armies and leaders that move across the maps are represented by 1/2" square die-cut cardboard playing pieces. With a pack of 16 54mm miniatures costing £25 and a pack of 56 28mm miniatures will set you back around £25-£30. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. Play Roulette and/or Blackjack and receive €10 extra winnings. It is the third installment in Gates of Skeldal series. 1813: The Year That Doomed The EmpireThe Companion to Napoleon at the Crossroads and Four Lost Battles Please choose from the dropdown menu below: Either a printed book that will be mailed to you (8. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. Videos. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. About OSG. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. Footer MenuSpoons is a card game that's great for any age or group of people. 50 $35. Mark Huffam, pictured at the UK premiere of Napoleon in London, says the team behind the film "never set out to make a documentary". Footer MenuNapoleon for real? More Real Money Slots. Game Instructions. At Napoleon, we believe in providing the best betting experience for sports fans. Interview with Game Designer. Materials Needed: This is a simple game of passing one item to the next student. Minefield. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. Play classic blackjack or roulette in our Live Casino, accompanied by the best croupiers. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. 06. 7 Mages (Czech: Brány Skeldalu: 7 Mágů, literally Gates of Skeldal: 7 Mages) is a 2016 video game developed by Napoleon Games. Politically, we have to remember that at the beginning of 1814 Napoleon had been defeated in the field, but he still remained Emperor of France, recognised as such by many previous treaties. About OSG. OSG's Game Series. Lead Partner. " The last two battles were fought in late-March: Arcis followed. Over the last few years, the group has grown rapidly and completed its product offering through significant investments in the online platform. About OSG. Footer MenuKulm. Ages: 14+. Games seem to fall mostly into two categories: Very-very dry Avalon-Hill style wargames or other computer strategy. It will be mailed to you. About OSG. DO MORE WITH LESS! The Universal Decks are the ONLY decks you will need for all future TLNB games. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. “Napoleon’s core market and brand positioning in Belgium represents the ideal acquisition opportunity to deliver on our global expansion plan,” stated Johnny Hartnett, Superbet Group CEO. You'll need a deck of cards (without the jokers), and spoons (one less than the number of players). OSG Blog. Footer MenuNapoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769 in the city of Ajaccio on the island of Corsica. Additionally, the game features a detailed scenario construction set that will allow you to design your own battles; everything from maps, to troop types, to. Games in Print. Despite the historical legend that Napoleon Bonaparte's men shot off the Sphinx's nose with a cannon when they rolled through the region in 1798, we know for certain that the French military leader wasn't responsible, according to Egypt Today. Article 1 - Publishers of NAPOLEONGAMES. The Napoleonic historical period has always been one of our favorites and was actually the second historical game that we developed using the Commands & Colors system. This is a wonderful team-building activity because it encourages non-verbal communication and cooperation. Publication Date: February 2024. Oh, and if you happen to be shopping during the holiday season, prices will be even cheaper. It is completely different from the British card game also known as Napoleon (or Nap, for short), which is described on the Nap page of this web site. Contact. The Southern Expansion map is used for the Crossing of the Sambre. Share this article. On the 15th, the French Army was unleashed across the Sambre River. 3. Each nation is, in most cases, based on the real-life participants of the Napoleonic Wars and is usually composed of the nation's army and head of nation or State. Last year, the group generated gross turnover of EUR 134 million and an operating profit of EUR 32 million. 4-Core. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. 2. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. napoleon's wheel, danube campaign part I. These four games explore the major battles of 1809, where Napoleon and his Army of Germany met their first setback in the shadow of Vienna, against a modernized Austrian Army under Archduke Charles . Filename. Mellem 1994 og 1995 blev der gennemført et projekt for at løse alle disse, og kun ét viste sig at være uløseligt. 30 used. Videos. Games. You can send us a message below, email us at info@napoleongames. The official Total War Discord community! | 94730 membersGet Honey for FREE finds coupons with one click. 1) Wellesley and Junot retain their command rating because they can command all of their units. Napoleon Games is also an operator of the Knokke casino and 22 gaming arcades, the. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. See Details. It boasts a collection that contains well-known variations such as the classic Klondike, FreeCell, Pyramid, Spider, and TriPeaks. Price history Charts App info Packages 126 DLCs 13. General Terms and Conditions of NAPOLEONGAMES - version 29. Students can complete classroom assignments to further their understanding of the social, political and economic times in which Napoleon lived. NTW3-9. CANADA: first game $29, two games $48, each additional game $8; books and expansion kits $18 each. This Expansion Kit requires the use of the game equipment for OSG’s Napoleon’s Last Gamble. It was slightly profitable (2. OSGPO Box 569Sparks Glencoe, MD 21152 USA. Games Designed by Kevin Zucker. The Cat Chases the Mouse. The game is bright and colorful and while. Interview with Game Designer. Card Decks; Game Boxes; Rules + Study Folders; Counter Sheets; Player Aid Cards; Maps;. 0). With our extensive range of sporting events, from football to tennis, basketball, cycling and motorsport, there is always something you can bet on. OSG's Game Series. $109. Second Edition! Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. The Library is an ambitious project to present 84 Battles of the Napoleonic era (Napoleon was present at 70 of them). BUCHAREST, Romania , July 16, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Superbet, a pan European betting and gaming business, today has agreed to acquire Belgium's Napoleon Sports & Casino, subject. Out of Print Games. 11 Advances in the Campaigns of Napoleon Habit of Victory Update Forms of Maneuver Strategic Choices Making Life Difficult for Napoleon A Friedland Campaign Winter in Poland Wargame Design Nr. As the 16th dawned, troops of both sides still converged on the battlefields. Put together the ladder of Napoleon's ascent on a classroom wall. Napoleon at Leipzig (1st Edition) By: Operational Studies Group (OSG) Type: Boxed Game. OSG's Game Series. $22. Napoleon at Leipzig. Second Edition! - Thoroughly revised rulebooks. OSG's Game Series. The term is generally used in situations where combatants are forced to fight against hopeless odds (with the foreknowledge that they will suffer extremely high. Napoleon Games is also an operator of the Knokke casino and 22 gaming arcades, the majority of which are located in Flanders. Players Notes: Night March Rates. Vanessa Kirby plays. Top 100 Atari 2600 games; Top 100 DOS games; Top 100 Genesis games; Top 100 SNES games; Top 100 NES games;Peep Nap – Look at an extra face-down card that can be exchanged if bidding 5 tricks. Catholic was made a state religion but the concordat of 1801 also. OSG. Footer MenuGame Components. 47, three games $24. Alfille lavede også det første Napoleon videospil i 1978. 5"x11" perfect bound) or a PDF of the book (you will be sent an electronic file). Card Decks; Game Boxes;. Engelsk navn på spillet Napoleon ( FreeCell) kommer fra de fire ledige celler i øverste venstre hjørne af bordet, som kan blive brugt til midlertidigt at gemme kort. Nexus (makers of War of the Ring) has a huge Napoleon game coming out in 2007 as does Richard Borg with C&C Napoleonics. This Wikia examines myth characters as well as their games and the various groups that exist in the community. - Revised and corrected set up information. Sources. 50 $25. About OSG. Napoleon and the pope had a bitter falling out. Expansion Kits. Pilkington himself spends more time hunting and on leisure activities than he does farming. Come on down and get your gaming on! D&D and other RPGs, boardgames, videogames, special. Games Designed by Kevin Zucker. The latest game in the tradition of Napoleon's Last Battles and Four Lost Battles will cover Napoleon's 1809 Danube Campaign. The company's platform offers both live and pre-match sports events. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. com Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. PULTUSK/GOLYMIN-24-25 December. Add file NTW3 v9. Black Powder - Core & Assorted (Warlord Games) Black Powder - Napoleonic Wars 1789-1815 - Core & Assorted (28mm) Block Style War Games (Gamma Two Games) Bloody Monday. Special Study Nr. 99 and £16. The library of napoleonic battles. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. Description official description. Vivendi SE is a French mass media holding company headquartered in Paris. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. Napoleon's Maxims; Special Studies; About. The complete plan is available for download (pdf). Videos. In November 1967 I was in 10th grade. Napoleon and the Archduke Charles. exe. Just to disambiguate and insure you are on the same page as the rest of the group, "campaign" level games simply. Description. Explore the timeline of Napoleonic Battles. Countries in the Napoleonic Wars Community participate in diplomacy and international relations to varying degrees, with some. The Napoleonic Wars is a hardcore team-based shooter that attempts to depict the large scale line battles that were featured during the period of the same name from 1804-1815 in Roblox. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. At the end of a 96-hour journey from Paris, as the Emperor stepped out of his carriage in Donauworth, Bavaria, his army was in an extremely hazardous position. 7 CONTENTS: JOHN MICHAEL YOUNG EditorialA Great Designer Remembered, Kevin ZuckerThe Most Ambitious Design Ever, Paul SaarvasJohn Young and PRESTAGS, David BowmanFollow Up, Kevin Zucker, Andreas E. Battles of Napoleon is a historical wargame that lets you play either side in four of Napoleon's famous battles -- Auerstadt, Borodino, Quatre Bras, and the infamous Waterloo. The Companion to The Habit of Victory. There is a wealth of subtle and bold features that set it apart from other historical periods and it truly embraces the tactical doctrines of France and the various nations that fought against Napoleon. Games in Print. Watch on. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionized European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly. Elbow Pass. Commands & Colors: Wars of Napoleon. 4, Nr. $109. Superbet has offices in Romania, the United Kingdom, Poland,. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. First Day Team Building Activity. Napoleon at Leipzig is a comprehensive game with a proven track record of excellent re-playability, among the most popular Napoleonic wargames of all time with 20,000 copies in print across the first 4 editions. Interview with Game Designer. 8. View and download Wargame Design Magazine Volume V, Nr. After all, it started life as a corporate training team building game in the 1990s, so it had to be quick and easy to teach, learn and a. Discover a diverse selection of engaging dice games, from timeless favourites to unique variations. Napoleon is a real-time strategy game set in the late 18th century that adds many fantasy elements to historical events. The Wagram and Aspern-Essling games share one and the. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. The increase in online gambling revenues offset the closure of the group’s casinos due to the coronavirus crisis, allowing Napoleon Games to record a 7% increase in revenue. All info. Games. His first maneuver starts out well - with the French poised to slip into Smolensk behind the Russians. Security and customer service. Napoleon at Bay Expansion Kit. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. The wars originated in political forces arising from the French Revolution (1789–1799) and from the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802): the War of the First. Information on acquisition, funding, investors, and executives for Napoleon Games. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. The company has activities in television, film, video game, book publishing, print press, communication, tickets and. Napoleon was a French general who rose to power during the War of the First Coalition. With Don't wait Grab up to 10% off on any orders today, you can reduce your payables by around $8. The game focuses on the character of Napoleon Bonaparte and his military conquests at the turn of the 19th century. Battle of Borodino, (Sept. OSG's Board Wargames are played on historically-accurate, heavy-stock paper maps. Footer MenuStart your Napoleon journey with €100 extra on top of your very first win in our popular Slot Game Sweet Bonanza. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. Thanks to Honey for sponsoring! MERCH (Napoleon pin OUT NOW!) - h. Michiels – een gerenommeerde Belgische zakenman, beter bekend als ‘Bingo Willy’ en ‘Den Chipper’. The greatest historical strategy game about Napoleon's Campaigns is here! Napoleon's Campaigns is a realistic simulation of the campaigns fought by the renowned French. Our Role Playing Games collections are new, used and Out-of-Print. Games. Game Components. Avalon Hill Variants. As a Belgian company, Napoleon Sports & Casino takes full responsibility for sustainable entertainment. Articles. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. In 1791, Pope Pius VI publicly condemned the. Footer Menu The Last Success. So far, 59 battles in the Library have been published, as well. The Universal Decks—French and Coalition—are available separately AND are included in all copies of Napoleon's Wheel (210). It was fought between Napoleon’s 130,000 troops, with more than 500 guns, and 120,000 Russians. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. Whether you are a fanatical follower of big leagues or prefer to try your luck on lesser-known sports, with us you. Napoleon at Leipzig is a comprehensive game with a proven track record of excellent re-playability, among the most popular Napoleonic. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. Napoleonic Wars Facts for Kids. Our maps are extensively researched, historically. Watch the. Napoleon Games. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. Superbet’s team consists of more than 4,000 people who are the main drivers of its success. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. 11 & 12 Wargame Design Nr. The Intro Game includes one Counter Sheet, one 17"x22" map and series rule book. Joaquin Phoenix stars at Napoleon Bonaparte in Ridley Scott’s “Napoleon. 12. Interview with Game Designer. Fleurus 1794 is an Expansion Game Module for Napoleon's Last Gamble. Operational Studies Group (OSG) is a leader in the design and production of Napoleonic Wargames. Each character has a tune they can play to directly affect anyone within earshot. Corps and Army-Level Leaders deploy on-map, while Corps-level combats units track their fluctuating strength. OSG Blog. Competitive landscape of Napoleon Games. The following companies are the publishers of NAPOLEONGAMES:. Storming the Chateaux. Art of War Magazine, The (Clash of Arms) Attactix Adventure Games. 915 subscribers. Spil Napoleon Kabale med Store Kort gratis på nettet. Italian Napoleone Buonaparte, (born Aug.